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02:0004(1)NG
The decision of the Authority follows:
2 FLRA No. 1 AMERICAN FEDERATION OF GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO, LOCAL 2823 (Union) and VETERANS ADMINISTRATION REGIONAL OFFICE, CLEVELAND, OHIO (Activity) Case No. 0-NG-8 DECISION ON NEGOTIABILITY ISSUE UNION PROPOSAL BASED ON THE RECORD IN THE CASE, THE UNDERLINED PORTION OF THE STATEMENT WHICH FOLLOWS REFLECTS THE MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE PARTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE MATTER IN DISPUTE: THE UNION PRESIDENT OR HER/HIS DESIGNEE WILL BE GRANTED TWO HOURS EACH DAY, NOT CHARGED TO LEAVE FOR PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL AND OTHER REPORTS AS REQUIRED UNDER SECTION 7120(C) OF THE STATUTE AND TO CARRY OUT THE PROVISIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT. QUESTION HERE BEFORE THE AUTHORITY THE QUESTION IS WHETHER THE UNION'S PROPOSAL PROVIDING FOR OFFICIAL TIME TO PREPARE THE REPORTS REQUIRED UNDER SECTION 7120 OF THE FEDERAL SERVICE LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS STATUTE (THE STATUTE) /1/ VIOLATES SECTION 7131 OF THE STATUTE, AS ALLEGED BY THE AGENCY. /2/ OPINION CONCLUSION: THE SUBJECT PROPOSAL DOES NOT VIOLATE SECTION 7131 OF THE STATUTE. ACCORDINGLY, PURSUANT TO SECTION 2424.8 OF THE AUTHORITY'S RULES AND REGULATIONS (44 FED.REG. 44740 ET SEQ. (1979)), THE AGENCY'S ALLEGATION THAT THE DISPUTED PROPOSAL IS NOT WITHIN THE DUTY TO BARGAIN IS SET ASIDE. /3/ REASONS: SECTION 7131(B) OF THE STATUTE REQUIRES THAT ACTIVITIES RELATING TO THE INTERNAL BUSINESS OF A LABOR ORGANIZATION BE PERFORMED BY AN EMPLOYEE WHILE THAT EMPLOYEE IS IN A NON-DUTY STATUS, I.E., NOT ON DUTY TIME. THEREFORE, THE UNION'S PROPOSAL, WHICH PROVIDES THAT THE UNION PRESIDENT ON HER/HIS DESIGNEE BE GRANTED TIME EACH DAY NOT CHARGED TO LEAVE, I.E., DUTY TIME, FOR PREPARATION OF THE FINANCIAL AND OTHER REPORTS REQUIRED UNDER SECTION 7120(C) OF THE STATUTE, RAISES THE ISSUE AS TO WHETHER THE PREPARATION OF SUCH REPORTS CONSTITUTES AN ACTIVITY RELATING TO THE INTERNAL BUSINESS OF A LABOR ORGANIZATION, WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 7131(B), WHICH MUST BE PERFORMED DURING THE TIME THE EMPLOYEE INVOLVED IS IN A NON-DUTY STATUS. THE STATUTE DOES NOT EXPRESSLY DEFINE THE PHRASE "INTERNAL BUSINESS OF A LABOR ORGANIZATION." SECTION 7131(B) MERELY LISTS EXAMPLES OF SOME ACTIVITIES WHICH ARE RELATED TO THE "INTERNAL BUSINESS OF A LABOR ORGANIZATION." I.E., SOLICITATION OF MEMBERSHIP, ELECTION OF LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICIALS, AND COLLECTION OF DUES. NONE OF THESE SPECIFIC EXAMPLES HAVE ANY RELATIONSHIP TO THE PREPARATION OF THE STATUTORILY PRESCRIBED REPORTS WHICH ARE THE SUBJECT OF THE DISPUTED PROPOSAL. THE PROVISION REGARDING OFFICIAL TIME IN THE VERSION OF THE BILL REPORTED OUT OF THE SENATE-HOUSE CONFERENCE COMMITTEE, WHICH WAS ENACTED AND SIGNED INTO LAW (SEC. 7131), WAS IDENTICAL TO THAT IN THE BILL (H.R. 11280) REPORTED OUT OF THE HOUSE COMMITTEE (SEC. 7132) /4/ AND IN THE FINAL VERSION OF THE BILL PASSED BY THE HOUSE (THE "UDALL SUBSTITUTE"). /5/ THE REPORT WHICH ACCOMPANIED THE HOUSE COMMITTEE BILL INDICATED THAT SUBSECTION (B) OF THE PROVISION ON OFFICIAL TIME WAS INTENDED TO REQUIRE THAT MATTERS SOLELY RELATING TO THE INTERNAL BUSINESS OF A LABOR ORGANIZATION BE PERFORMED WHEN AN EMPLOYEE IS IN A NON-DUTY STATUS. /6/ PROPONENTS OF THE FINAL VERSION OF THE HOUSE BILL, IN STATEMENTS ON THE HOUSE FLOOR, INDICATED THAT SUBSECTION (B) WAS INTENDED TO BE STRICTLY CONSTRUED TO APPLY ONLY TO THOSE ACTIVITIES REGARDING THE "STRUCTURE AND INSTITUTION" OF THE LABOR ORGANIZATION. /7/ THE SENATE-HOUSE CONFERENCE REPORT DID NOT ADDRESS THE MATTER OF OFFICIAL TIME OR SPECIFICALLY, THE INTENDED APPLICATION OF SECTION 7131(B) /8/ THE ISSUE BEFORE THE AUTHORITY IN THIS CASE, THEREFORE, MORE PRECISELY STATED, IS WHETHER THE PREPARATION OF THE FINANCIAL AND OTHER REPORTS REQUIRED UNDER SECTION 7120(C) OF THE STATUTE IS AN ACTIVITY RELATED TO THE INTERNAL BUSINESS OF A LABOR ORGANIZATION BECAUSE IT IS SOLELY RELATED TO THE STRUCTURE AND INSTITUTION OF SUCH LABOR ORGANIZATION. THAT IS, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE MEANING OF SECTION 7131(B) OF THE STATUTE AS REFLECTED IN THE LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF THAT PROVISION, IF THE FILING OF FINANCIAL AND OTHER REPORTS UNDER SECTION 7120(C) IS NOT SOLELY RELATED TO THE INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE LABOR ORGANIZATION, IT MUST BE FOUND, LIKEWISE, NOT TO BE A MATTER RELATED TO INTERNAL UNION BUSINESS. IN THIS REGARD, CONGRESS INTENDED TO PROSCRIBE THE USE OF DUTY TIME FOR ONLY THOSE ACTIVITIES RELATING TO THE UNION AS AN ORGANIZATION AND PERTAINING TO THE OPERATION OF THAT ORGANIZATION, SUCH AS UNION BUSINESS MEETINGS, COMMUNICATION WITH MEMBERS, CONTRACTING FOR GOODS AND SERVICES, PAYMENT OF BILLS, AND OTHER SIMILAR AND ASSOCIATED ACTIVITIES. THUS, IT IS CLEAR THAT THE ACTIVITIES CITED IN THE STATUTE, I.E., SOLICITATION OF MEMBERSHIP, COLLECTION OF DUES, AND ELECTION OF UNION OFFICIALS, WERE INCLUDED AS EXAMPLES BECAUSE THE ONLY FUNCTION OF SUCH ACTIVITIES IS THE MAINTENANCE OF THE UNION AS AN ORGANIZATION, I.E., THEY ARE RELATED SOLELY TO THE INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE UNION. IN CONTRAST, THE REPORTS WHICH ARE THE SUBJECT OF THE DISPUTED PROPOSAL DO NOT SOLELY RELATE TO THE STRUCTURE AND INSTITUTION OF THE LABOR ORGANIZATION. RATHER, THE PREPARATION OF THESE REPORTS IS A REQUIREMENT IMPOSED UPON LABOR ORGANIZATIONS BY THE STATUTE AND THEREBY MAKES AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC INFORMATION REGARDING THE CONDUCT OF UNION AFFAIRS. /9/ IN THIS REGARD, SECTION 7120(C) OF THE STATUTE AND PART 204 OF THE REGULATIONS OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF LABOR /10/ REQUIRE THAT EVERY LABOR ORGANIZATION TO WHICH THOSE PROVISIONS APPLY MUST FILE WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR CERTAIN INFORMATION REPORTS, /11/ FINANCIAL REPORTS, /12/ AND TRUSTEESHIP REPORTS. /13/ THE INITIAL INFORMATION REPORT (FORM LM-1) REQUIRES, AMONG OTHER THINGS, A LIST OF THE PRESENT OFFICERS OF THE LABOR ORGANIZATION, COPIES OF THE ORGANIZATION'S CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS, A STATEMENT REGARDING THE DUES AND FEES REQUIRED OF MEMBERS, AN ESTIMATE OF EXPECTED ANNUAL RECEIPTS, AND A STATEMENT OF THE LABOR ORGANIZATION'S FISCAL YEAR. ANY CHANGES IN THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS INITIAL REPORT MUST BE FILED IN ANNUAL SUPPLEMENTARY REPORTS (FORM LM-1A). THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORT (FORM LM-2 OR FORM LM-3) REQUIRES DETAILED INFORMATION REGARDING THE ASSETS AND LIABILITIES OF THE LABOR ORGANIZATION, INCLUDING STATEMENTS AS TO AMOUNTS AND SOURCES OF RECEIPTS AND AMOUNTS AND RECIPIENTS OF DISBURSEMENTS. THE CONTENT OF THESE REPORTS WILL BE MADE AVAILABLE TO ANY PERSON COMPLYING WITH THE CONDITIONS ESTABLISHED BY DEPARTMENT OF LABOR REGULATIONS. /14/ AS THIS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE REQUIRED REPORTS, AND OF THEIR INTENDED PURPOSE, MAKES CLEAR, THEY FUNCTION AS AN EXTERNALLY IMPOSED DISCLOSURE MECHANISM OPENING TO VIEW FACETS OF THE OPERATIONS OF THE LABOR ORGANIZATION, AS A MEANS OF IMPLEMENTING THE POLICY OF THE STATUTE. IT MUST BE CONCLUDED, THEREFORE, THAT THE PREPARATION OF THE REPORTS IS NOT SOLELY RELATED TO THE INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE OF A LABOR ORGANIZATION AND, THUS, IS NOT AN ACTIVITY RELATED TO THE INTERNAL BUSINESS OF A LABOR ORGANIZATION WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 7131(B) OF THE STATUTE. /15/ ACCORDINGLY, SECTION 7131(B) WOULD NOT BAR NEGOTIATIONS ON THE PROPOSAL AT ISSUE AND THE AGENCY ALLEGATION THAT THE PROPOSAL IS NOT WITHIN THE DUTY TO BARGAIN MUST BE SET ASIDE. ISSUED, WASHINGTON, D.C., OCTOBER 9, 1979 RONALD W. HAUGHTON, CHAIRMAN HENRY B. FRAZIER III, MEMBER FEDERAL LABOR RELATIONS AUTHORITY /16/ /1/ THE FEDERAL SERVICE LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS STATUTE, SEC. 7120 (92 STAT. 1210) PROVIDES, IN RELEVANT PART, AS FOLLOWS: SEC. 7120. STANDARDS OF CONDUCT FOR LABOR ORGANIZATIONS . . . . (C) A LABOR ORGANIZATION WHICH HAS OR SEEKS RECOGNITION AS A REPRESENTATIVE OF EMPLOYEES UNDER THIS CHAPTER SHALL FILE FINANCIAL AND OTHER REPORTS WITH THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF LABOR FOR LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS, PROVIDE FOR BONDING OF OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES OF THE ORGANIZATION, AND COMPLY WITH TRUSTEESHIP AND ELECTION STANDARDS. /2/ SECTION 7131 OF THE STATUTE PROVIDES, IN PART, AS FOLLOWS: SEC. 7131. OFFICIAL TIME . . . . (B) ANY ACTIVITIES PERFORMED BY ANY EMPLOYEE RELATING TO THE INTERNAL BUSINESS OF A LABOR ORGANIZATION (INCLUDING THE SOLICITATION OF MEMBERSHIP, ELECTIONS OF LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICIALS, AND COLLECTION OF DUES) SHALL BE PERFORMED DURING THE TIME THE EMPLOYEE IS IN A NON-DUTY STATUS. . . . . (D) EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN THE PRECEDING SUBSECTIONS OF THIS SECTION-- (1) ANY EMPLOYEE REPRESENTING AN EXCLUSIVE REPRESENTATIVE, OR (2) IN CONNECTION WITH ANY OTHER MATTER COVERED BY THIS CHAPTER, ANY EMPLOYEE IN AN APPROPRIATE UNIT REPRESENTED BY AN EXCLUSIVE REPRESENTATIVE, SHALL BE GRANTED OFFICIAL TIME IN ANY AMOUNT THE AGENCY AND THE EXCLUSIVE REPRESENTATIVE INVOLVED AGREE TO BE REASONABLE, NECESSARY, AND IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST. /3/ IN SO DECIDING THAT THE SUBJECT PROPOSAL IS WITHIN THE DUTY TO BARGAIN, THE AUTHORITY MAKES NO JUDGMENT AS TO THE MERITS OF THE PROPOSAL. /4/ H.R. 11280, 95TH CONG.,2D SESS. 7132(1978). SEE H.R. REP. NO. 95-1403, 95TH CONG.,2D SESS. 288=289(1978). /5/ SEE 124 CONG.REC.H 9631 (DAILY ED. SEPT. 13, 1978). /6/ THE COMMITTEE REPORT STATED, IN RELEVANT PART, AS FOLLOWS: SECTION 7132 PROVIDES STANDARDS FOR DETERMINING WHEN AN INDIVIDUAL MAY OR MAY NOT BE AUTHORIZED OFFICIAL TIME (PAID TIME) TO ENGAGE IN ACTIVITIES CONCERNING LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS. . . . . SECTION 7132(B) PROVIDES THAT MATTERS SOLELY RELATING TO THE INTERNAL BUSINESS OF A LABOR ORGANIZATION MUST BE PERFORMED WHEN THE SUBJECT EMPLOYEE IS IN A NON-DUTY STATUS. . . . . SECTION 7132(D) MAKES ALL OTHER MATTERS CONCERNING OFFICIAL TIME FOR UNIT EMPLOYEES ENGAGED IN LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS ACTIVITY SUBJECT TO NEGOTIATION BETWEEN THE AGENCY AND THE EXCLUSIVELY RECOGNIZED LABOR ORGANIZATION INVOLVED. H.R. REP. NO. 95-1403, 95TH CONG.,2D SESS. 58-59(1978). /7/ THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS CONCERNING THE OFFICIAL TIME PROVISION IN THE FINAL VERSION OF THE HOUSE BILL WERE MADE DURING THE FLOOR DEBATE ON TITLE VII OF THAT BILL: MR. CLAY. . . . . SECTION 7132(B) OF THE UDALL COMPROMISE BARS THE USE OF OFFICIAL TIME FOR CONDUCTING THE INTERNAL BUSINESS OF A LABOR ORGANIZATION. THE SECTION ALSO LISTS THREE SUCH ACTIVITIES REFLECTING OUR INTENTION THAT "INTERNAL BUSINESS" BE STRICTLY CONSTRUED TO APPLY ONLY TO THOSE ACTIVITIES REGARDING THE STRUCTURE AND INSTITUTION OF THE LABOR ORGANIZATION. ACTIVITIES THAT INVOLVE LABOR-MANAGEMENT CONTACTS ARE NOT INCLUDED IN THIS SECTION. NOR IS PREPARATION FOR SUCH ACTIVITIES, SUCH AS GRIEVANCES, BARGAINING, UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICE PROCEEDINGS, INCLUDED WITHIN THIS SECTION. TITLE VII IMPOSES HEAVY RESPONSIBILITIES ON LABOR ORGANIZATIONS AND ON AGENCY MANAGEMENT. THESE ORGANIZATIONS SHOULD BE ALLOWED OFFICIAL TIME TO CARRY OUT THEIR STATUTORY REPRESENTATIONAL ACTIVITIES JUST AS MANAGEMENT USES OFFICIAL TIME TO CARRY OUT ITS RESPONSIBILITIES. 124 CONG.REC.H 9638 (DAILY ED. SEPT. 13, 1978) MR. FORD OF MICHIGAN. . . . . SECTION 7132(B) OF THE COMPROMISE PRECLUDES THE USE OF OFFICIAL TIME BY EMPLOYEES FOR CONDUCTING THE INTERNAL BUSINESS OF A LABOR ORGANIZATION. THIS SUBSECTION SPECIFICALLY PROVIDES THAT EMPLOYEES SHALL NOT SOLICIT MEMBERSHIP, ENGAGE IN ELECTIONEERING, OR COLLECT DUES ON OFFICIAL TIME. THE INCLUSION OF THESE THREE CATEGORIES REFLECTS THE GENERAL INTENTION THAT "THE INTERNAL BUSINESS OF A LABOR ORGANIZATION" ENCOMPASSES THOSE ACTIVITIES DIRECTED TO THE INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE OF SUCH ORGANIZATIONS. THIS SECTION DOES NOT, THEREFORE, APPLY TO ACTIVITIES OF LABOR ORGANIZATIONS THAT INVOLVE AN "INTERFACE" WITH AGENCY MANAGEMENT, SUCH AS NEGOTIATIONS, GRIEVANCES, NEGOTIABILITY DISPUTES, AND UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES. NOR DOES THIS SECTION APPLY TO PREPARATION FOR SUCH "INTERFACE" ACTIVITIES. MANAGEMENT, OF COURSE, ENGAGES IN ALL THESE ACTIVITIES, INCLUDING PREPARATION, ON OFFICIAL TIME, AND SUBSECTION 7132(D)(2) MAKES THE USE OF OFFICIAL TIME BY EMPLOYEES FOR THESE ACTIVITIES A SUBJECT OF NEGOTIATED AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE AGENCY AND THE EXCLUSIVE REPRESENTATIVE. 124 CONG.REC.H. 9650 (DAILY ED. SEPT. 13, 1978). SEE ALSO STATEMENT OF CONGRESSMAN FORD OF MICHIGAN SUBSEQUENT TO ENACTMENT OF CIVIL SERVICE REFORM ACT OF 1978, 124 CONG.REC.H 13610 (DAILY ED. OCT. 14, 1978). /8/ THUS, IN ENACTING THE LANGUAGE OF THE BILL AS PASSED BY THE HOUSE (THE "UDALL SUBSTITUTE"), WITH ITS ATTENDANT LEGISLATIVE HISTORY, AS QUOTED ABOVE, THE CONGRESS DID NOT ADOPT THE CORRESPONDING PROVISION IN THE SENATE BILL, WHICH THE ACCOMPANYING SENATE COMMITTEE REPORT DESCRIBED, IN PART, AS FOLLOWS: THE LIMITATIONS CONTAINED IN THE FIRST PART OF THIS PROVISION CONCERN THE USE OF OFFICIAL TIME FOR INTERNAL LABOR ORGANIZATION BUSINESS AND ARE DIRECTED TOWARD RESTRICTING TO NON-DUTY HOURS ACTIVITIES WHICH ARE OF PRIMARY CONCERN AND BENEFIT ONLY TO THE LABOR ORGANIZATION. S. REP. NO. 95-969, 95TH CONG.,2D SESS. 112-113(1978). /9/ SECTION 7120(A)-(D) OF THE STATUTE WAS ADOPTED FROM THE SENATE BILL (SEC. 7217). THE SENATE COMMITTEE REPORT WHICH ACCOMPANIED THE BILL INDICATED THAT THESE PROVISIONS WERE THE SAME AS THOSE CONTAINED IN EXECUTIVE ORDER 11491, AS AMENDED. S. REP. NO. 95-969, 95TH CONG.,2ND SESS. 107-108(1978). THE PRESIDENTIAL STUDY COMMITTEE REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS ACCOMPANYING EXECUTIVE ORDER 11491 STATED WITH RESPECT TO THESE PROVISIONS, IN PART, AS FOLLOWS: THE 1961 TASK FORCE . . . SUGGESTED THE EXTENSION TO PUBLIC EMPLOYEE ORGANIZATIONS OF STANDARDS OF CONDUCT ESTABLISHED FOR TRADE UNIONS IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR, SUCH AS REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE OF FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS AND ADMINISTRATIVE PRACTICES. ACCORDINGLY, THE STANDARDS OF CONDUCT FOR EMPLOYEE ORGANIZATIONS WERE DEVELOPED AND ISSUED IN 1963. . . . . TO BRING UNIFORMITY OF TREATMENT TO ALL LABOR ORGANIZATIONS REPRESENTING FEDERAL EMPLOYEES, WE RECOMMEND THAT THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF LABOR FOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS ADD TO THE PRESENT STANDARDS OF CONDUCT BY PROMULGATING RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR THE REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE OF FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS AND ADMINISTRATIVE PRACTICES, BONDING REQUIREMENTS, AND STANDARDS FOR TRUSTEESHIPS AND ELECTIONS FOR LABOR ORGANIZATIONS HAVING RECOGNITION UNDER THE NEW ORDER. "STUDY COMMITTEE REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS, AUGUST 1969," LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS IN THE FEDERAL SERVICE (1975) 74. /10/ 29 C.F.R. PART 204(1978). SEE, IN PARTICULAR, 29 C.F.R. 204.3 WHICH SPECIFIES THE REPORTING PROVISIONS OF THE REGULATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR IMPLEMENTING THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE ACT (LMRDA) THAT APPLY TO LABOR ORGANIZATIONS IN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. AS TO THE APPLICABILITY TO REGULATIONS ISSUED UNDER THE STATUTE OF THE PRINCIPLES APPLIED TO LABOR ORGANIZATIONS UNDER THE LMRDA, SEE SECTION 7120(D) OF THE STATUTE. FOR PROPOSED REGULATIONS OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF LABOR FOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS GOVERNING STANDARDS OF CONDUCT FOR LABOR ORGANIZATIONS IN THE FEDERAL SECTOR UNDER THE STATUTE, SEE 44 FED.REG. 60668 (AUG. 28, 1979). /11/ SEE 29 C.F.R. 402(1978). SEE ALSO 29 U.S.C. 431(A)(1978). /12/ SEE 29 C.F.R. 403(1978). SEE ALSO 29 U.S.C. 431(B)(1978). /13/ SEE 29 C.F.R. 408(1978). SEE ALSO 29 U.S.C. 461(1978). /14/ 29 C.F.R. 402.12, 403.10, 408.12. SEE 29 C.F.R. PART 70. SEE ALSO 29 U.S.C. 435(1978). /15/ THE AGENCY CONTENDS THAT, SINCE THE STATUTE WHICH REQUIRES THE PREPARATION OF THE REPORTS IN QUESTION ALSO PROVIDES FOR THE PERIODIC ELECTION OF LABOR ORGANIZATION OFFICIALS, AN ACTIVITY WHICH SECTION 7131(B) INCLUDES AMONG THOSE TO BE PERFORMED WHEN AN EMPLOYEE IS IN A NON-DUTY STATUS, THE PREPARATION OF THE SUBJECT REPORTS LIKEWISE MUST BE PERFORMED WHEN AN EMPLOYEE IS IN A NON-DUTY STATUS. THERE ARE SIGNIFICANT DISTINCTIONS, HOWEVER, BETWEEN THE ELECTION OF UNION OFFICIALS AND THE PREPARATION OF THE PARTICULAR REPORTS. AS INDICATED ABOVE, THE ONLY FUNCTION OF THE ELECTION OF UNION OFFICIALS IS ORGANIZATIONAL; ITS SOLE FUNCTION IS THE MAINTENANCE OF THE INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE UNION. THIS CANNOT BE SAID OF THE PREPARATION OF THE REQUIRED REPORTS. THEY HAVE NO FUNCTION RELATED TO THE MAINTENANCE OF THE UNION AS AN ORGANIZATION. RATHER, THEIR PURPOSE, AS STATED ABOVE, IS TO OPEN UP TO PUBLIC SCRUTINY THE MANNER IN WHICH THE BUSINESS OF THE UNION HAS BEEN TRANSACTED. /16/ MEMBER LEON B. APPLEWHAITE DID NOT PARTICIPATE IN THE PRESENT CASE, WHICH HAD BEEN PROCESSED PRIOR TO HIS CONFIRMATION BY THE UNITED STATES SENATE AS A MEMBER OF THE AUTHORITY.