[ v16 p182 ]
16:0182(30)CA
The decision of the Authority follows:
16 FLRA No. 30 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, REGION II, NEW YORK REGIONAL LABORATORY Respondent and AMERICAN FEDERATION OF GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO, LOCAL 2637 Charging Party Case Nos. 12-CA-20209 12-CA-20210 DECISION AND ORDER The Administrative Law Judge issued the attached Decision in the above-entitled proceeding, finding that the Respondent had engaged in certain unfair labor practices and recommending that it be ordered to cease and desist therefrom and take certain affirmative action. The Respondent filed timely exceptions to the Judge's Decision and the General Counsel filed a response to the Respondent's exceptions. Pursuant to section 2423.29 of the Authority's Rules and Regulations and section 7118 of the Federal Service Labor-Management Relations Statute (the Statute), the Authority has reviewed the rulings of the Judge made at the hearing and finds that no prejudicial error was committed. The rulings are hereby affirmed. Upon consideration of the Judge's Decision and the entire record, the Authority hereby adopts the Judge's findings, /1/ conclusions /2/ and Recommended Order. ORDER Pursuant to section 2423.29 of the Rules and Regulations of the Federal Labor Relations Authority and Section 7118 of the Statute, the Authority hereby orders that the Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Region II, New York Regional Laboratory, shall: 1. Cease and desist from: (a) Rejecting or failing to accept Joseph McCallion, or any other representative designated by the American Federation of Government Employees, Local 2637, AFL-CIO as an observer and member of any Merit Training Panel which may be convened to rate applicants for training under the New York Regional Laboratory Training Plan. (b) In any like or related manner interfering with, restraining, or coercing its employees in the exercise of their rights assured by the Federal Service Labor-Management Relations Statute. 2. Take the following affirmative action in order to effectuate the purposes and policies of the Statute: (a) Accept and permit Joseph McCallion, or any other representative designated by the American Federation of Government Employees, Local 2637, AFL-CIO, to act as an observer and member of any Merit Training Panel which may be convened to rate applicants for training under the New York Regional Laboratory Training Plan. (b) Post at its facility at New York Regional Laboratory, New York, N.Y., copies of the attached Notice on forms to be furnished by the Federal Labor Relations Authority. Upon receipt of such forms they shall be signed by the Director of the New York Regional Laboratory, or his designee, and shall be posted for 60 consecutive days thereafter, in conspicuous places, including all bulletin boards and other places where notices to employees are customarily posted. Reasonable steps shall be taken to insure that such Notices are not altered, defaced, or covered by any other material. (c) Pursuant to section 2423.30 of the Authority's Rules and Regulations, notify the Regional Director, Region I, Federal Labor Relations Authority, in writing, within 30 days from the date of this Order, as to what steps have been taken to comply herewith. Issued, Washington, D.C., October 2, 1984 Henry B. Frazier III, Acting Chairman Ronald W. Haughton, Member FEDERAL LABOR RELATIONS AUTHORITY NOTICE TO ALL EMPLOYEES PURSUANT TO A DECISION AND ORDER OF THE FEDERAL LABOR RELATIONS AUTHORITY AND IN ORDER TO EFFECTUATE THE POLICIES OF CHAPTER 71 OF TITLE 5 OF THE UNITED STATES CODE FEDERAL SERVICE LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS WE HEREBY NOTIFY OUR EMPLOYEES THAT: WE WILL NOT reject or fail to accept Joseph McCallion, or any other representative designated by the American Federation of Government Employees, AFL-CIO, Local 2637, as an observer and member of any Merit Training Panel which may be convened to rate applicants for training under the New York Regional Laboratory Training Plan. WE WILL NOT in any like or related manner interfere with, restrain or coerce employees in the exercise of their rights assured by the Federal Service Labor-Management Relations Statute. WE WILL accept and permit Joseph McCallion, or any other representative designated by the American Federation of Government Employees, AFL-CIO, Local 2637, to act as an observer and member of any Merit Training Panel which may be convened to rate applicants for training under the New York Regional Laboratory Training Plan. (Activity) Dated: By: (Signature) (Title) This Notice must remain posted for 60 consecutive days from the date of posting, and must not be altered, defaced, or covered by any other material. If employees have any questions concerning this Notice or compliance with its provisions, they may communicate directly with the Regional Director Region I, Federal Labor Relations Authority whose address is: 441 Stuart Street, 9th Floor, Boston, MA 02116 and whose telephone number is: (617) 223-0920. --------------- ALJ$ Decision follows ------------------- DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION REGION II NEW YORK REGIONAL LABORATORY Respondent and AMERICAN FEDERATION OF GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES, LOCAL 2637 Charging Party Case Nos. 12-CA-20209 12-CA-20210 Susan Cohen DeStefano, Esq. George Borg For the Respondent Marilyn Z. Roth, Esq. For the General Counsel Before: WILLIAM NAIMARK Administrative Law Judge DECISION Statement of the Case Pursuant to an Order Consolidating Cases, First Amended Complaint and Notice of Hearing issued on July 21, 1982 by the Regional Director for the Federal Labor Relations Authority, Boston, Massachusetts Region, a hearing was held before the undersigned on December 16, 1982 at New York, N.Y. This proceeding arose under the Federal Service Labor-Management Relations Statute (herein called the Statute). It is based on charges filed on January 25, 1982 in Case No. 2-CA-20209 and Case No. 2-CA-20210 by American Federation of Government Employees, AFL-CIO, Local 2637 (herein called the Union) /3/ against Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration Region II, New York Regional Laboratory (herein called Respondent). The Complaint alleged, in substance, that on or about January 4, 1982, Respondent refused to bargain in good faith with American Federation of Government Employees, AFL-CIO, Council 242 (herein called AFGE Council 242), the exclusive bargaining representative, by failing and refusing to recognize Joseph McCallion as the designated Union observer for a Merit Training Panel to be held on January 5, 1982-- all in violation of section 7116(a)(1) and (5) of the Statute. Respondent's answer, dated July 29, 1982, denies its refusal to bargain as alleged in the complaint. It sets forth various affirmative defenses, hereinafter alluded to, and denied the commission of any unfair labor practices. All parties were represented at the hearing. Each was afforded full opportunity to be heard, to adduce evidence, and to examine as well as cross-examine witnesses. Thereafter, briefs were filed with the undersigned which have been duly considered. Upon the entire record, from my observation of the witness and their demeanor, and from all of the testimony and evidence adduced at the hearing, I make the following findings and conclusions: Findings of Fact 1. At all times material herein AFGE Council 242 has been and still is the certified exclusive bargaining representative of all professional and non-professional employees of the New York, N.Y., Newark, N.J. and Buffalo, N.Y. District Offices of the Food and Drug Administration with specified exclusions. 2. At all times since November 26, 1974 the Food and Drug Administration, New York District and the Union herein have been parties to a collective bargaining agreement covering the unit of employees heretofore described and set forth above. The said 1974 agreement, pursuant to a Memorandum of Agreement On Implementation of the Reorganization of FDA Region II between Respondent and the Union, dated April 23, 1982, continues in effect pending a superseding regional collective bargaining agreement. 3. In 1979 the Science Branch of the New York District, /4/ Food and Drug Administration, Region II, was reassigned to the Regional Food and Drug Director. It was renamed the New York Regional Laboratory. Further, the latter is deemed the organizational equivalent of the other FDA Districts in Region II. The Director of the Laboratory, George H. Boone, who was formerly head of the Science Branch, occupies the same management status as other District Directors. /5/ 4. A dispute has existed since June 30, 1981 between the Union and Respondent as to the number of Union officials who would be recognized by management as representatives of employees. At a meeting on that date between Boone and Sidney Morse, President of the Union as well as AFGE Council 242, Morse stated there were 13 union officers in Local 2637. Boone reminded the Union President that under the contract nine union officials would be recognized as employee representatives. /6/ Memos to this effect, which referred to Article IX of the collective bargaining agreement restricting the number to nine, was written from Boone to Morse on July 10, 1981 and November 2, 1981. The Director also requested that the Union submit a list of nine officials designated by Morse so they could be recognized for the purposes of granting official time for representational activity. Morse replied in a memo dated November 9, 1981 seeking clarification re the unit involved, and Boone wrote the Union President on November 10, 1981 wherein he specified the unit was referenced in Article III of the bargaining agreement. This request for nine official representatives was not fulfilled by the Union. In a memo dated December 11, 1981 Boone advised Morse that, due to the pendency of the dispute, management would not recognize Union officials other than its president for the purpose of granting official time. /7/ 5. In connection with Merit Training Program for employees, a Merit Training Panel has been established by Respondent for many years. This involves a panel of raters who evaluate the applications of those individuals who desire to enter a particular training program. Points are assigned based on the answers to questions and listings prepared. The said list, together with the applications, are given to the selecting official who makes the decision as to which employees will be trained. It is then sent to management. 6. The Merit Training Panel is composed of two raters who are appointed by management, a representative from the training committee who reads the application, an EEO observer, and a Union observer. In addition to rating individual applicants, the observer makes sure the procedure follows the Plan and that certain forms are signed. 7. Respondent issued on December 7, 1981 a Training Course Announcement for "Research Techniques." This course would involve 10 chemists or entomologists and 5 microbiologists and would be held during the period January 18-22, 1982. 8. Under date of December 24, 1981 Ted M. Hopes, Director, Chemistry Branch of Respondent, wrote Morse that a panel would meet on January 5, 1982 to consider applications for the Research Techniques Course. Hopes requested that the Union President send him the name of a Union representative as soon as possible. /8/ Since he was occupied with other matters, Morse turned the request over to James Nelson, vice-president of the Union. /9/ 9. Whereupon Nelson, under date of December 29, 1981, sent a memo to Hopes naming Joseph McCallion as the Union representative to serve on the panel scheduled to meet on January 5, 1982. A copy thereof was given to Morse by Nelson. 10. Hopes sent a memo, dated January 4, 1982, to Morse wherein he commented that management had not received a response from the Union President with respect to naming a union representative for the Merit Training Plan Panel. He reiterated that the panel would meet on January 5, 1982 to consider applications for the Research Techniques Course, and Hopes stated that if a name was not received by close-of-business on January 4, 1982, the Panel would proceed without a union representative. 11. On the same day, January 4, 1982, Hopes sent Nelson a memo returning the memo which Nelson had sent him. The Director also stated that "due to the pendency of the dispute about the number of Union officials to be recognized by Management, Management is not recognizing Union officials other than the Union President." 12. Morse replied to Hopes by a memo dated January 4, 1982 wherein he attached copies of the memo which he sent to Hopes on December 24, 1981, listing the union officers, as well as Nelson's memo of December 29, 1981 to the Director. The Union President also reminded Hopes that there must be a union representative on the Panel. 13. On the morning of January 5, 1982 Boone asked James Yager, chairman of the Training Panel, if the Panel expected to meet that day for the Research Technique course. Upon being told it would be convened, Boone told Yager to delay it since there was a problem with the Union. Yager spoke to Hopes who gave him the names of the raters, but said there was no Union observer. At 10:50 a.m. on that day McCallion approached the chairman of the Program and said that he was the Union observer for the Panel. 14. Upon being so informed by the Union representative, Yager related this information to Boone. The latter replied that there were problems with McCallion sitting on the Panel; that Yager could tell McCallion he is not recognized as an observer; that Morse knows what to do to have a representative on the Panel. Whereupon Boone advised Yager to proceed with the Panel. Further, the chairman then spoke to McCallion, told him that management didn't recognize him as a union observer, and he should not attend the Panel. 15. The Training Panel was held on January 5, 1982 without a Union observer. Eligible candidates were certified, after routing procedures were followed, as eligible for the Research Techniques Course. 16. Hopes testified that since 1958 the Union has selected an observer for the Merit Training Panel on about 10-15 occasion. The customary procedure was that Hopes asked Morse for the name of the Union observer and the Union President would submit same. The Director further testified that after January 22, 1982 the Respondent recognized nine Union officials for the laboratory; that from thence on management accepted designations from individuals other than Morse to serve as Union observer on the Merit Training Panel. Conclusions The primary issue for consideration herein may be stated as follows: whether Respondent's refusal to accept, as a Union observer or member on its Merit Training Panel, the individual designated by the Union vice-president was violative of the Statute. While no case directly in point has been called to my attention, the Authority has had occasion to consider cases wherein the representative status of union designees has been called into question. In American Federation of Government Employees, AFL-CIO, and U.S. Air Force, Air Force Logistics Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, 4 FLRA No. 39 (1980), the Activity proposed, inter alia, that the union designate its representatives from prescribed organizational levels when dealing with management as to certain functions. The Union refused to bargain as to such proposal, and the Authority held such refusal was not in violation of Section 7116(b)(5) and (1) of the Statute. It was declared that the proposal infringed upon the union's prerogative to designate its own representative; that it is within the discretion of both agency management and a labor organization to designate their respective representatives when fulfilling their responsibilities under the Statute. Further, where an agency denied a union official access to the premises it was held in Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, 4 FLRA No. 38 (1980) that such conduct ran afoul of Section 7116(a)(1) and (5) of the Statute. Such denial by management thwarted the bargaining process since the official was bent upon engaging in representative duties at the time. Management, it was determined, had no right to determine who would act as the union's representative, and its attempt to do so was an intrusion into the internal affairs of the bargaining agent and improper interference. Respondent maintains that, in refusing to accept McCallion as the Union designee or observer on the Training Panel, it did not interfere with any rights of the Union nor violate the Statute. It contends that management has always obtained a designation from the Union President and accepted that designee. However, the employer inside it is entitled to reject any observer, appointed by someone other than the President. Its defense is pastured on two principal arguments. /10/ Firstly, Respondent maintains that it was not required to bargain at the District office level since the bargaining agent, AFGE Council 242, represented a region-wide unit. It argues that its obligation is to bargain only on a regional level. This argument is rejected. It is true that where a union is certified for a consolidated unit an obligation to bargain may be confined to the level of recognition in lieu of smaller units now included in the consolidated unit. See Department of Health and Human Services, Social Security Administration, 6 FLRA No. 33 (1981). However, the parties, as the Authority declared in the cited case, may agree to authorize negotiations at a lower level. In the case at bar the Union and Respondent have been parties to a collective bargaining agreement since 1974 covering these District employees. Moreover, their Memorandum of Agreement, executed on April 23, 1982, recited that the 1974 bargaining contract continue in effect until superceded by a regional collective bargaining agreement. Thus, Respondent has recognized an obligation to bargain on the District level. /11/ Further, the Authority has held that where lower level management initiates action affecting conditions of employment thereat, it is responsible therefor even when exclusive recognition is at a higher level. Department of Health and Human Services, Social Security Administration, Office of Program Operations and Field Operations, Sutter District Office, San Francisco, California, 5 FLRA No. 63 (1981). It is also contended by the employer herein that its refusal to accept McCallion was part and parcel of the main dispute with the Union re the number of employees who would be recognized as Union representatives and accorded official time. Management avers this was a matter of contract interpretation, so that its conduct in refusing to accept the observer selected by vice-president Nelson could not be resolved in an unfair labor practice proceeding. In this respect, Respondent adverts to Article 9, Section 2 of the Agreement between the parties which provided that the employer would recognize nine union officials. Recognition of McCallion, it is claimed, would have meant that more than nine Union officials were being recognized, and the employer was thus merely conforming to the collective bargaining agreement. Such conformance, it insists, cannot be deemed a refusal to bargain or interference with the Union. In respect to the foregoing argument, I am persuaded that the language in Article 9, Section 2 of the bargaining contract was not intended to delimit the selection or designation of a Union observer to sit on the Training Panel. A somewhat similar situation existed in Utah Army National Guard, Salt Lake City, Utah, A/SLMR No. 966 (1978). In that case the parties executed "Ground Rules for Negotiations" as a preliminary agreement to this basic contract. The Ground Rules provided, inter alia, that five members of the Union negotiating team were employees of the National Guard. Management refused to recognize a former employee as the union's chief negotiator. It was held that the provision in the ground rules was not intended to limit the composition of the negotiating committee; that by agreeing to such language the union did not waive its right to select a union representative for negotiating purposes. The Assistant Secretary found that such refusal violated Section 19(a)(1) and (6) of Executive Order 11491, as amended. /12/ In the case at bar I am constrained to conclude that, while a dispute may have existed between the parties as to the number of union representatives to be recognized by the employer, it did not entitle Respondent to reject the Union's designee as a panel member. The rejection was predicated on the fact that the Union President Morse had not selected designee McCallion. But the latter had been sent as a duly chosen representative, and authorized by Morse when the latter told Vice-President Nelson to make the selection. Denial of recognition to such representative is a rejection of the collective bargaining process and an infringement upon the Union's right to choose its own representatives. Despite the controversy as to the number of Union representatives which would be recognized by Respondent, management may not justifiably decide which employees will be the Union observer on the Training Panel. That dispute does not encompass the present issue, and I do not agree that the matter for determination herein must be resolved as part of such dispute. Moreover, the language in Article 9 of the contract does not spell out a clear and unmistakable waiver on the part of the Union as to naming its representative for the Training Panel. See Department of the Air Force, Scott Air Force Base, Illinois, 5 FLRA No. 2 (1981); Department of Health and Human Services, Social Security Administration, Great Lakes Program Service Center, Chicago, Illinois, Case No. 5-CA-1204, Administrative Law Judge Decisions Report No. 22, March 10, 1983. Respondent also maintains that the refusal to accept the observer designated by the Union only occurred once, and that since January 5, 1982 it has accepted the representatives appointed by other persons other than the Union President. Accordingly, it insists there has been no continuing violation, and the occurrence was de minimis. I disagree. Respondent's conduct was not trivial in nature, and the fact that it was not repeated does not militate against finding the same to be violative of the Statute. The Authority has held that a refusal to allow a duly appointed representative of the union's negotiating committee to attend a pre-negotiation meeting was a serious violation; that a subsequent reversal of management's decision, allowing him to attend the meeting, did not render the earlier refusal moot or de minimis, Veterans Administration, Veterans Administration Center, Laboratory Service, Temple, Texas, 2 FLRA No. 117 (1980). Likewise, in the case at bar, Respondent's subsequent acceptance of a Union observer from someone other than Morse does not cure the initial violation or render it moot. In sum, I conclude Respondent unjustifiably rejected Joseph McCallion, the Union designee, as the Union representative to the Merit Training Panel which met on January 5, 1982. Its action in that regard was a rejection of the performance of its allegation to bargain collectively as set forth in Section 7103(a)(12) of the Statute. Further, it interfered with the right of the Union to select its own representative to said panel. This constituted a clear interference, restraint or coercion of the rights assured employees. See Veterans Administration, et. al. supra. Respondent's action on January 5, 1982 constituted a violation of Section 7116(a)(1) and (5) of the Statute. Having concluded that Respondent violated the Statute as aforesaid, I recommend that the Authority issue the following: ORDER Pursuant to Section 2423.29 of the Rules and Regulations of the Federal Labor Relations Authority and Section 7118 of the Statute, the Authority hereby ordered that the Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration Region II, New York Regional Laboratory, shall: 1. Cease and desist from: (a) Rejecting or failing to accept Joseph McCallion, or any other representative provided by the American Federation of Government Employees, Local 2637, as an observer and member of any Merit Training Panel which may be convened to rate applicants for training under the New York Regional Laboratory Training Plan. (b) In any like or related manner interfering with, restraining, or coercing its employees in the exercise of their rights assured by the Federal Service Labor-Management Relations Statute. 2. Take the following affirmative action: (a) Accept and permit Joseph McCallion, or any other representative provided by the American Federation of Government Employees, Local 2637, to act as an observer and member of any Merit Training Panel which may be convened to rate applicants for training under the New York Regional Laboratory Training Plan. (b) Post at its facility at New York Regional Laboratory, New York, N.Y., copies of the attached notice marked "Appendix" on forms to be furnished by the Federal Labor Relations Authority. Upon receipt of such forms they shall be signed by the Director of the New York Regional Laboratory, and they shall be posted for 60 consecutive days thereafter, in conspicuous places, including all places where notices to employees are customarily posted. The Director shall take reasonable steps to insure that such notices are not altered, defaced or covered by any other material. (c) Pursuant to Section 2423.30 of the Rules and Regulations, notify the Regional Director, Region I, Federal Labor Relations Authority, in writing, within 30 days from the date of this Order, as to what steps have been taken to comply herewith. WILLIAM NAIMARK Administrative Law Judge Dated: May 27, 1983 Washington, DC APPENDIX NOTICE TO ALL EMPLOYEES PURSUANT TO A DECISION AND ORDER OF THE FEDERAL LABOR RELATIONS AUTHORITY AND IN ORDER TO EFFECTUATE THE POLICIES OF CHAPTER 71 OF TITLE 5 OF THE UNITED STATES CODE FEDERAL SERVICE LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS STATUTE WE HEREBY NOTIFY OUR EMPLOYEES THAT: WE WILL NOT reject or fail to accept Joseph McCallion, or any other representative provided by the American Federation of Government Employees, Local 2637 as an observer and member of any Merit Training Panel which may be convened to rate applicants for training under the New York Regional Laboratory Training Plan. WE WILL NOT in any like or related manner interfere with, restrain or coerce employees in the exercise of their rights assured by the Federal Service Labor-Management Relations Statute. WE WILL accept and permit Joseph McCallion, or any other representative provided by American Federation of Government Employees, Local 2637, to act as an observer and member of any Merit Training Panel which may be convened to rate applicants for training under the New York Regional Laboratory Training Plan. (Agency or Activity) Dated: By: (Signature) This Notice must remain posted for 60 consecutive days from the date of posting and must not be altered, defaced, or covered by any other material. If any employees have any question concerning this Notice or compliance with any of its provisions, they may communicate directly with the Regional Director, Region III, Federal Labor Relations Authority, whose address is: 441 Stuart Street, 9th Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02116 and whose telephone number is: (617) 223-0920. --------------- FOOTNOTES$ --------------- /1/ The Respondent excepted to the Judge's finding of fact that "In addition to rating individual applicants, the observer makes sure the procedure follows the Plan and that certain forms are signed." After careful examination of the record, and noting that the General Counsel specifically does not oppose the exception regarding the role of the Union observer at Merit Training Panels, the Authority finds that the Union observer does not rate individual applicants, but instead observes the proceedings and signs certain forms. Therefore, the Judge's findings at Page 4, Paragraph 6 of his Decision are modified accordingly. /2/ In a case involving designation of union representatives for negotiations, the Authority held that an agency commits a violation of section 7116(a)(5) of the Statute when it designates the representatives of a labor organization with whom it will deal, rather than allowing the labor organization the right to designate its own representatives. Department of the Air Force 915th Tactical Fighter Group Homestead Air Force Base, Florida, 13 FLRA No. 33 (1983). /3/ The cases were transferred from Region II to Region I on February 18, 1982. /4/ Two other branches of the New York District are The Investigation and Compliance sections. /5/ In a memorandum of Agreement dated October 16, 1979, Respondent and the Union agreed that when the existing 1974 agreement refers to Employer or District Director, it refers to the Director of the Laboratory during the reassignment. /6/ The record reflects that the Union had taken the position that it was entitled to as many as 18 representatives. /7/ As a result of the dispute the Union had filed an unfair labor practice charge against Respondent on July 21, 1981. The regional office declined to issue a complaint on the ground that the matter was one of contract interpretation (Case No. 2-CA-1105 - October 16, 1981). Respondent attempted to resolve the matter under the bargaining agreement and also submit same to arbitration. The Union would not accede to those procedures. The dismissal of the charge was upheld by the Assistant General Counsel for Appeals on February 18, 1982. /8/ Under 5B of the New York Regional Laboratory Merit Training Plan both the Union and the EEO "each will provide one observer" to serve on the Rating Panel. /9/ In a memo dated December 24, 1981 Morse advised Hopes that at a meeting of the Union on December 22, 1981 elected union officials were: Morse, President; Nelson, Vice-President; and Charles Cardile, Shop Steward. /10/ Various other defenses are raised by Respondent in its brief to the undersigned. These defenses, it is concluded, are not relevant to the central issue herein, and would not be determinative as to whether the rejection of the Union's designee was violative of the Statute. /11/ Whether bargaining is authorized at a lower level may be determined by the collective bargaining agreement between the parties. See American Federation of Government Employees, AFL-CIO Local 965 and Department of the Treasury, U.S. Mint, Denver, Colorado, 3 FLRA No. 7 (1980). /12/ This section is similar in essence to Section 7116(a)(1) and (5) -------------------- ALJ$ DECISION FOLLOWS -------------------- of the Statute which was the Order's Successor.